Valve-operating gear of internal-combustion engines.



J. D. ROOTS.

VALVE OPERATING GEAR OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.10. 1911.

L 1 Q'? 9%% Patented Feb. 9, 1915.

3 SHEETSSHEBT 1.

$4 v2 I k W 61 m l fiwmawww J. D. ROOTS.

VALVE OPERATING GEAR OF INTERNALOOMBUSTION ENGINESv APPLICATION FILEDAUG. 10. 1911.

SSHEETS-SHEET 3.

INlET OP Patented Feb. 9, 1915.

of the gear when the lever is slotted or bi- James pn xmrs noors, orroivnom nnennnn riaaaaa'.

varvn-ornanrme GEAR or riirnnnan-coivrnusrron ENGINES.

. .Specification of Letters Patent. P t nt 9, 1915 application filedAugust 10, 1911. Serial No. 643,448.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JAMnsDnNivis Room, asubject of theKing of Great Britain, and a resident of 5.8 Avonmoreroad, West Kensington', London, W'., England, have invented new anduseful Improvements in Valve Operating Gears of Internal CombustionEngines, of which the following is the specification.

This invention relates to-improvements invalve operating gear of fourstroke cycle 1n-- ternaleombustion engines and particularly to valveoperating mechanism for actuating the piston, the'sleeve, or other valvefor such internal combustion engines.

An object of they present invention is to provide a single oscillatinglever utilizing the movement of the-oscillating lever adapted to controlvalves of internal combustion engines in which the lever actuates thevalve byreason of .its association with the crank shaft and the halfspeed shaft, several modifications being illustrated, in each of whichthe oscillating lever or arm has three points of connection with partsof the mechanism, that is to say it is ,connectedto the sleeve or valverod, to the crank or fulcrum shaft, and to the half speed shaft, wherebythe val'i e is reciprocated at the desired times and held stationary orpractically so during the compression andexplosion strokes.

The half speed shaft may be driven in any suitable manner such as bygear wheels or chain and chain wheels.

In order that my invention may be completely understood, referenceshould be made engine, or of a single'cylinder engine. Fig.

2 is a sectional plan of the operating "gear as in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is adiagram elevation furcated, embracing an eccentric on the half speedshaft. Fig... 4 is a diagram elevation showingthe slot of .the leverembracing the eccentric on the crankshaft. Fig. 5 shows the lever with aslot embracing a crank pin on the half speed shaft. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation showing the application of the gear to a piston valve.-Fig. 7 is a sectional plan of this gear. Fig. 8 is a sec.-

crank of engine.

. tional planon the line Z of Fig. 6. Fig. 9

is a part sectional elevation of the gear shown applied to anotherpiston valve. F ig. 10 is a diagram showing the positions of the leverand gear and thevalve movements relatively to the strokes of-thecycle.Fig.11 is a diagram showing the valve timing obtainable by this gearrelatively to the stroke of working piston and position of main A is theoscillating lever or arm.

B is the main'crank shaft and C is the half speed shaft. v

I D is the small gear wheel onthe main crank shaft and E is the largergear wheel on the half speed shaft.

F is the crank pin on the half speed shaft.

is the eccentric on the main crank shaft preferably turned up solid withthe shaft, its strap forms part of the lever A. A crank mightbeemployedin lieu of the eccentric G, but it would not be so convenient.

His the connectingnod and H the crank pin on the crankshaftB.

Referring to F '1,"the working 'piston I reciprocates withinfthe sleevevalve J of known constructio iand the sleeve valve J is adapted toreciprocate within the cylinder K. The ports L and M in the said sleeve.the strokes of the oscillating lever'A. During the compression andexplosion strokes, both ports inthe cylinder L M, lnlet and outletrespectively are closed, the lever hold ing the sleeve practicallystationary in the mid-position'durin-g 'these strokes. It will beobserved from the valve action obtainable,

by this gear, Figs. 11 and 12, that the move. ment and timing of openingand closing is almost ideal in a four stroke cycle internal combustionengine. There is a rapid open ing of both the inlet and exhaust ports bythe one sleeve or valve an the valve or sleeve is held ina mid-positionpractically modificationwhich is a substitute for the half speed drivingmechanism as shown in Fig. 1' and in Fig. 2. The shaft C has aneccentric. F which eccentric works within a slotted-or bifurcated.portion; othe}l ever A' anda number of such eccentrics may be fitted tothe "half $peeda shafti'to. operate the sleeve or piston-valve of eachworking cylnden of an ;engine.-A-,The slot lSfOf-SUOh :length as to justpermit of-the rotation'ot' the-eccentric F withinit,the movement'of theleverbeing combination of the actuation p-r'od'm ed by both eccentrics.In this yyiev'v, '1whichis. a modification, the"- crank shaft B fhasflaneccentric G on which the lever 'Ai is mounted and the lever A has alinkiJ by which it may be connected to the valve]; j K

the modification 'shown'in Fig. 4, the lever ,A has a slotintermediateits length 'and'is of such area as to permit the rotationofthe. eccentric Gf therein,-the' said eccen tric be ng mounted on thecrank shaft l3.v In this modification, the' linkQJ {may be, connected toa valve and the half time e lever A are connected' together bya bolt A".In each of the arrangements just deshaft F? .hasfla crank {G which is'aconstruction similar to that shown in" Fig. 1.

s- In Fig. .5, the lever Aiis' mountedonan iaccentricGf carried by thecrankB and thel linkiJ which. is pivoted to the lever A is'adapted forconnection to a valve. The lever Afiis providednwith a slot to receivethe? crank pin F which iis' carried by the half time crank CF The f rkedends of the scribed, the eccentricis "preferably turned or formed asapart of the crankshaft B and the link is, in each lexample, pivotallyconnected-'to theQ lever,atone. end and has itsopposite endipr'attachmentto; a valve.

\ Figs ti, -\,7,.8 and 9} illustrate the "gear and a piston 'valve'ofknown. type. Thegear in Figs. 6., 7,-an d-.9:is. ofisimilarconstruction. and operation to: that shown in' Figs. =1 and @and in thisform-the lever A has a sliding sleeve A provided. with a, wrist 'pin F?to which 'the gear wheel Ffi'is connected, the

said-gearwheel-being rotatableon the shaft 0 and meshes with the gearwheelD. The crank B has an, eccentric..G on which the levenAiismountedand one endof the le-.

War is provided with a l ev er.J for connecp y moved. ow wardly untihtheport or' passage 0 surrounding the piston or slide P is fullyo'pemleaving freecommunibe driven by cation between the combustionchamber S and the exhaust outlet T. Near the end of the exhaust strokethe piston is moved rapidly-q upward =closi-ngthe- -port O andimmediately opens to the inlet U, and

' allows :during the suction stroke free communication between thecombustion chamberS and--the inlet U. The piston slide P, Figsafi and S,has ordinary piston rings and to allow these to slide over the port 0,

the bridge-pieces O are cast or otherwise suitably formed in thecylinder Q. In Fig. 9, the valve operation or movement is precisely thesame, but stationary packing rings are proyided as shown fittedingrooves in the cylinder wall Q above and below the port,-and bridgepieces.P are formed in the valve to allow the valve to slide over therings, the rings being of less diameter than the piston'valve andadapted to press inwardly'. The piston valve 1?, Fig. 9 is v shown halfin section and half in elevation.

In the example shownmf piston valve, the guide bush or sleeve \V isscrewed or suitably secured in the valve cylinder wall Q, and thenscrewed into the wall of the'crank chamber as shown, a convenientarrangement for preventing the leakage of lubricating oil and excludingdust an the like.

1 The diagrams Figs. 10 and 11, show the almost ideal action of-thisvalve operating gear for this cycle. It will'be observed that the gearholds the valve, of the slide, sleeve, or piston type, practicallystationary in the midposition during the compression and explosionstrokes. The two' dotted circles 10 represent the gear wheel pitchlines, and the inner circles the throw of the respective eccentrics orcranks. vThe dotted and full straight lines represent the diflt'erentpositions of the oscillating lever. In Fig.'11, the diagram also showsthe times of opening and closing the valve, but in another'way. Theangle(of the crank pm of vthemain shaft) shown in this diagram at which theexhaust valve begins to open is one very usual for high speed engineswithmushr'oom valves, but when employing a slideor piston the outlet maybe rendered, so much more free Irving a larger-outlet passage and morerapid opening, that the enginemay be either run at a higher speedwithout back pressure, or the valve opening ,may be set .later, ineither case giving greater power. The half speed shaft may chain, or byskew gear if desired. "Q a i Inthis invention it will beob'served thatthe piston valve or sleeve is always 0perated directly from the crankshaft, the

(half Speed Shaft W g to 'modify the action. I

To anyone acquainted with the art, the

advantages of operating directly from the crank shaft will be obvious,one of them bemaaoaa 1 ing that there are. larger and heavier bearingsto take the stresses and a heavier shaft,

( the larger rotating eccentric is alsobetter balanced by-the crank pinand slabs.

It has-not'beforebeen possible in valve gears providedpin otherinventions to operate the piston or slide valves directly from the crankshaft The half speed shaft becomes by this invention of much lessimportance and may be of less diameter and Weight, as it is no longer avalve operating shaft, but a shaft serving to modify the movement of theactuating eccentric on the main shaft. v

What I do claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentis 1. In four stroke cycle internal combustion engines, a combustioncylinder pro vided with a port or ports adapted to be placedincommunication alternately 'With .inlet and exhaust means, areciprocating 7 member adapted to openiand close said port or ports tosaid inlet and exhaust means, an eccentric secured to the crank shaft, alever fulcrumed on said eccentric intermediate its ends, connectingmeans connected to said reciprocating member and to said leverconcontrolling member to open and close said port or*ports to said inletand exhaust means, a piston working in said combustion cylinder, a.crank shaft operated by the movements of said piston,a lever fulcrumedon said crank shaft, said lever being con nected to said controllingmember and half time means for oscillating said lever to 0perate saidcontrolling member.

3. In four stroke cycle internal combustion engines, in combination, acombustion cylinder provided with a port or ports adapted to be placedin communication With inlet and exhaust means, a reciprocatingcontrolling member to open and close said ports to said inlet andexhaust means, a crank shaft having an eccentric'mounted thereon, alever fulcrumed on said eccentric intermediate its ends. a connectionconnected to said controlling member and to one end of said lever, meansoperatively positioned upon the other end of said lever for oscillatingsaid lever, the movements of the means for oscillating said lever beingso timed With respect to the said eccentric as to modify the.movementsof said lever op crating said controlling member.

4:. In four stroke cycle internal combustion engines, a combustioncylinder provided with inlet and exhaust means, a controlling membermovable to open and close said inlet and exhaust means, a piston Workingin said combustion cylinder, a crank shaft having an eccentric mountedthereon, a le"er intermediate its ends being fulcrumed on saideccentric, and at one end connected to said controlling member, halftime means for oscillating the other end of said lever, the movement ofsaid eccentric being so timed with relation th .the movements of themeans for oscillating said lever as to act together to cause thecontrolling member to effect communication between the combustionchamber and the inlet means at a time appropriate to the suction-stroke,communication With said exhaust means during the exhaust stroke, and theclosing of both of said means during the compression and explosionstrokes of said Working piston.

5. In four stroke cycle internal combustion engines, a combustioncylinder adapted to be placed in communicationalternately with inlet andexhaust means, a controlling member movable to open and close said inletand exhaust means, a piston Working in said combustion cylinder, a crankshaft operated by '.the movements of said piston, an eccentric mountedon said crank shaft, a lever fulcrumed intermediate its ends on saidcrank shaft eccentric, connecting means connecting one end of said leverto said controlling member, a shaft ada tedto revolve at one half thespeed of said crank shaft, an eccentric or crank pin on said half speedshaft, means movably connecting said lever to the eccentric or crank pinon said half speed shaft whereby when said half speed shaft isrotatedits eccentric or crank pin will oscillate said lever, modifying themovement imparted to said lever bysaid crank shaft eccentric, saideccentrics and lever being so disposed With relation to each other thatduring each cycle the controlling member opens and closes saidcombustion cylinder to said inlet and exhaust means, and holds saidcontrolling member in its intermediate position closing said combustioncylinder during the compression and explosion strokes.

6. In four stroke'cycle internal combustion engines, a combustioncylinder pro vided with inlet and exhaust means, a crank shaft or onespeed shaft, a shaft rotated at one half speed of said crank shaft, anec-ig centric on said crank shaft, an eccentric or crank pin on saidhalf speed shaft, a lever fulcrumed on the eccentric mounted on saidcrank shaft. a controllingmember for opening and closing said inlet andexhaust means, a connection between said controlling member and the oneend of said lever, the other end of said lever being oscillated by thehalf speed shaft by means of a crank pin or eccentric thereon 7. In fourstroke cycle internal combustion.-lengines,'-'ia combustion-cylinderprovided wlth inlet and exhaust means, a-= pis ivvorking in saidcombustion cylinder, a

\ 'fiecil-procating controlling -me1nber,a crankx 5 shaftcperatedby'saidpiston, an eccentric ofi= said crank-shaft; a lever fulcrunied on said-ecce'ntric, a gear-Wheel mounted on said "crankshaft; a half time gearor chain wheel providd 'wi-th eccentrically mounted sliding 7 10'lrn'eans for 'rocking said lever driven by said .first i mentijonedWheel, said eccentrically mounted sliding rocking means on saidsecondjvheel-being so positioned With respect to -'the "'3ccentnic onsaid crank shaft that .15 their throws are on corresponding sides oftheir respective centers atone point during each revolution of saidsecond mentioned gear Wheel, whereby said eccentrics vvill act togetherto cause said lever to' move said controlling member for the openingand,

closing-of said inlet and exhaust means,and 'aettoa'rrest orretard themovement of said @lever, thereby closing both said means foranap'propriate time during the compression and explosion strokes of saidpiston.

' *8. Inform stroke cycle internal combus- 'tion' engines, a combustioncylinder pr0- vided' with a port or ports}adapted'.to be placedin-communication-With inlet and exhaustmeans,'a piston'nvorking insaidi'comi bustion-cylinder, a'- crank shaft rotated by said piston, atoothed wheelgniounted on saidcrank shaft, a second toothed wheel on ashaft 'rotated at onexhalf the speed of said crankshaft, an eccentricmounted on said crank shaft, bearing eccentrica'l-ly mount- :L euon saidhalf speed' shaft, a rocking lever fulcrumed interinediateiits ends onthe ec-.

" centric mounted on; said crank shaft, said '40 levefn beingflalsoniovably connected eontiguous one end to the eccentrically disposedbearing on said'half-speed shaft, a valve for ,epeningand: closingysaidport to said inlet t and exhaust-means, a connection between 745saldfvalve andthe one endi'of said lever,-f

thereby actuating the said valve to rapidly as en and close said port tosaid exhaust means and then to said inlet meansand during thecompression and explosion strokes keeping said port closed 'for asufficient ti I, R 3; 1 t

i .,9,; In a four stroke cycle internal com bustion- 'ei'igine', acombustion cylinder provided- With a port or-ports adapted to be placedin communication with inlet and exhaust -'II1&I1S, "a valve adapted toopen and close 'sairl' 'port qi -ports to said inlet and exhaust means,a rocking lever connected to s'aid va lve, amova-Ble fulcrum on thecrank shaft' on" wh1ch -said lever is fulcrumed inv 0.termedi'ateits-en'ds',;a crank pin or eccentric one half speedishaft,a'inovable guide car- -ried--by '-said half. speed shaft, said leverhavingone endsliding in said guide and coactinginoscillatin'g said leverto move said valve to alternatelysopen-and close said port to saidinlet: and exhaust means, and v to hold said -valve closed during twostrokes of the Inifour stroke cycle internal combustion 'engines, acombustion cylinder provid'ed #with a port or ports adapted to bealternately placed in communication with inlet and exhaust. means,ucontrol-ling member movable to open and close saidport or ports to saidinlet-and exhaust means, a piston Working in said combustion cylinder, acrank shaft op'ei'ated'jby "said piston, a fulcrum eccentrically mountedon said crank I shaft, alever fulcrumed intermediate its ends on said:crank shaft eccentric, connecting means connected to said controllingmember,- and tosaid lever contiguous one end-, dsihaft adapted torevolve at onehalf thespeedofsaid crank shaft,a1u eccentric or crank pinon said half speed shaft,means movably connecting said lever contiguousits other end to said eccentric on the half speed shaft,* saideccentricsbeing so disposed Withmelation to each other that during each revolutionof said half speed'shaft,

saideccentricseflect the opening and closingof tliel'controlling memberto the exla est and inlet and hold the controlling iiie nlder in a'nearly stationary "position closmg the said port' during the compressionand explosion strokes.

111. lnfouri'eycle internal combustion engines, a cylinder having a portadapted to communicate alternately with inlet and exhaust means, a slidevalve adapted to open and. close. said port, a crank shaft, a leverfulcru'in'e'd on said crank shaft, a link connectiiig said lever withsaid valve at one end of said lever, and means mounted on a half speedsliaft for oscillating the other end of said lever. I

f 12.-In four cycle internal combustion en- "gines, a cylinder having aninlet and exhaust port, a slide valve having openings adapted toregister with said exhaust and inlet ports, a main crank shaft'and ahalf

